生物探索推荐英文论文摘要：
Transformations,中自 transport, and potential unintended consequences of high sulfur inputs to Napa Valley vineyards
Abstract:
Unintended anthropogenic deposition of sulfur (S) to forest ecosystems has a range of negative consequences, identified through decades of research. There has been far less study of purposeful S use in agricultural systems around the world, including the application of elemental sulfur (S0) as a quick-reacting fungicide to prevent damage to crops. Here we report results from a three-year study of the transformations and flows of applied S0 in soils, vegetation, and hydrologic export pathways of Napa Valley, CA vineyards, documenting that all applied S is lost from the vineyard ecosystem on an annual basis. We found that S0 oxidizes rapidly to sulfate ( ) on the soil surface where it then accumulates over the course of the growing season. Leaf and grape tissues accounted for only 7–13% of applied S whereas dormant season cover crops accounted for 4–10% of applications. Soil S inventories were largely and ester-bonded sulfates; they decreased from 1,623 ± 354 kg ha-1 during the dry growing season to 981 ± 526 kg ha-1 (0–0.5 m) during the dormant wet season. Nearly all S applied to the vineyard soils is transported offsite in dissolved oxidized forms during dormant season rainstorms. Thus, the residence time of reactive S is brief in these systems, and largely driven by hydrology. Our results provide new insight into how S use in vineyards constitutes a substantial perturbation of the S cycle in Northern California winegrowing regions and points to the unintended consequences that agricultural S use may have at larger scales.
从每年的纳帕4月到10月的葡萄生长季节，在以暴风雨为特征的谷葡休眠季节，这些硫被带到了下游。萄园来自纳帕谷葡萄园使用的杀真菌剂中的硫被径流带走而且可能影响到下游的水生生态系统。由于硫成分的不平衡可能造成让甲基汞等有害化合物形成并流动，摘要：一项研究提出，这组作者报告说，
PNAS：径流中来自纳帕谷葡萄园的硫
2011-08-09 09:42 · candy一项研究提出，它在生长季节在土壤中积累。这组作者分析了这种化学转变以及在两个种葡萄酿酒地区3年间的硫的流向。